Pholui is a Common Name (Bangla, Bangladesh) of Notopterus notopterus

Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769)

Bronze Featherback - Foli - Native Fish - Wild (Freshwater)

View: Lateral [Mohsin, 2019b]

Systematic Position: [2]

Kingdom	:	Animalia
Phylum	:	Chordata
Class	:	Teleostei
Order	:	Osteoglossiformes
Family	:	Notopteridae
Genus	:	Notopterus
Species	:	Notopterus notopterus

Common Names:

English	:	Bronze Featherback[729] Grey Featherback[729]
Bangla	:	Foli[5] Phali[274] Phylya[274] Pholo[274] Pholui[274] Kanla[274] Kan-phali[274] Foloi[729] Folai[729] Folo[729] Kanila[729] Kangla[729] Vali[729] Kanafoli[729]

Synonyms:

Notopterus primaevus Günther, 1876 May
Gymnotus notopterus Pallas, 1769
Notopterus kapirat Lacepède, 1800b
Mystus kapirat (Lacepède, 1800b)
Notopterus kopirot Lacepède, 1800b
Clupea synura Bloch and Schneider, 1801
Osteoglossum cynurus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Mystus badgee Sykes, 1839 May
Notopterus pallasii Valenciennes, 1848 Sep
Notopterus bontianus Valenciennes, 1848 Sep
Glanis imberbis Gronow, 1854

Maximum Length and Weight:

60 cm (TL) ^[347] 280 mm (TL) ^[5]

Inter-Length Relationship:

Head length : Standard length = 1 : 4.2 ^[5]
Head length : Total length : Standard length = 1 : 4.7-5 : 4.3-4.5 ^[5]
Body height : Total length : Standard length = 1 : 3.7-4.2 : 3.4-3.8 ^[5]
Eye Diameter : Head length = 1 : 5-6.5 ^[5]
Eye Diameter : Snout length = 1 : 1.2-1.3 ^[5]
Eye Diameter : Inter orbial width = 1 : 1.2-1.3 ^[5]

Taxonomic Formula:

D. 7-8; P₁. 15-17; P₂. 5-6; A. 99-104 ^{[Rahman, 2005]}
B VIII; D 7-8(1-2/6-7); A 100-110; P 15-17; V 5-6; C 19; L.ls 230-240; L.tr 37-45/47-53 ^{[Shafi and Quddus, 1982]}
D 7-9; V 5-6 ^{[Talwar and Jhingran, 1991]}
B viii; D 7-9; P 15-17; V 5-6; L.tr 37-45/47-53 ^{[Bhuiyan, 1964]}

Scales:

230-240 scales on lateral line. 28-31 scales between origin of pelvic fin and throat. [5]

Chemistry:

Name

Amount

Unit

Body Parts

Matter Type

Specimen

Ref.

Ash

1.4

g/100 g

Edible parts

Raw

824

Calcium

230

mg/ 100 g

Edible parts

Raw

Wild

824

Copper

0.058

mg/ 100 g

Edible parts

Raw

Wild

824

Energy

384

kJ/100 g

Edible parts

Raw

824

Fat

0.6

g/100 g

Edible parts

Raw

824

Folate

18

μg/ 100 g

Edible parts

Raw

Wild

824

Iron

1.7

mg/ 100 g

Edible parts

Raw

Wild

824

Magnesium

34

mg/ 100 g

Edible parts

Raw

Wild

824

Manganese

0.078

mg/ 100 g

Edible parts

Raw

Wild

824

Moisture

76.7

g/100 g

Edible parts

Raw

824

Phosphorus

270

mg/ 100 g

Edible parts

Raw

Wild

824

Potassium

280

mg/ 100 g

Edible parts

Raw

Wild

824

Protein

20.5

g/100 g

Edible parts

Raw

824

Selenium

22

μg/ 100 g

Edible parts

Raw

Wild

824

Sodium

53

mg/ 100 g

Edible parts

Raw

Wild

824

Sulphur

260

mg/ 100 g

Edible parts

Raw

Wild

824

Vitamin B12

2.0

μg/ 100 g

Edible parts

Raw

Wild

824

Vitamin D3

Vitamin D3

μg/ 100 g

Edible parts

Raw

Wild

824

Vitamin E (α-tocopherol)

0.64

mg/ 100 g

Edible parts

Raw

Wild

824

Zinc

1.6

mg/ 100 g

Whole body

Raw

Wild

824

Conservation Status:

Global	:	Least Concern (LC)	(Version 3.1) [538]
Bangladesh	:	Vulnerable (VU)	(Version 3.1) [236]

Occurrence/Distribution:

Global	:	Bangladesh[70] Cambodia[823] China[845] India[6] India[449] Laos[714] Malaysia[431] Myanmar[857] Nepal[134] Pakistan[741] Singapore[927] Thailand[837] Vietnam[714]
Bangladesh	:	Gacher dahar beel, Sylhet[5] Padma river, Rajshahi[274] Chalan beel, Natore[490] Halda River, Chittagong Hill Tracts[598] Andharmanik river, Patuakhali[751] Sunamganj haor region, Sunamganj[729] Kaptai reservoir (Kaptai lake), Rangamati[753] Mahananda River, Chapainawabganj[775] River Choto Jamuna, Naogaon[9] Meghna river, Narsingdi[781] Dhepa river, Dinajpur[779] Chitra river, Jashore[793] Buriganga River, Dhaka[798] Little feni river, Feni[795] Someshwari river, Netrokona[806] Nabaganga river, Narail[809] Sandha river, Pirojpur[810] Atrai River, Dinajpur[815] Banar River, Mymensingh[1023] Bangshi River, Dhaka[1024] Tanguar Haor, Sunamganj[1025] Punarbhaba, Dinajpur[1161] Ramnabad river, Patuakhali[1163] Feni river, Feni[1165] Muhuri river, Feni[1165] Shakla heel, Brahmanbaria[1167] Balla beel, Moulvibazar[1168] Titas river, Brahmanbaria[1169] Lohalia river, Patuakhali[1200] Betna river, Satkhira[1201] Ghaghat river, Gaibandha[1202] Belua river, Pirojpur[1207] Bishkhali river, Jhalakathi[816]

Habitat and Environment:

Habitat:
River, Canal, Beel, Haor, Baor ^[347]

Environment:

Parameters	Units	Minimum	Maximum	Optimum	Ref.
Temperature	-	-	-	-	-
pH	-	-	-	-	-
DO	-	-	-	-	-
Free CO2	-	-	-	-	-

Breeding Maturity:

Data not available

Breeding Season: (red background)

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[274]

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[347]

Fecundity:

Egg: colour- Yellowish, ^[347]

Food and Feeding Habit:

Diet composition (%): ^[347]


Algae 10%	Macrophyte 25%	Protozoan 22%	Crustacean 10%	Insect 8%	Insect and Mite 9%	Sand and Mud 10%

Importance:

Production and Marketing:
Production/Harvesting Season: (Green = Peak, Yellow = Off, Lemon = Moderate)

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[792]

Harvesting Gears:
Seine net, Fixed net, Cast net ^[792]
Market price:
250-350 BDT/kg (Size: 20-30 cm, Weight: 150-200 g, Place: Noakhali, Bangladesh) ^[792]